An overview on audio steganography techniques

Steganography is a form of security technique through obscurity; the science and art of hiding the existence of a message between sender and intended recipient. Steganography has been used to hide secret messages in various types of files, including digital images, audio and video. The three most important parameters for audio steganography are imperceptibility, payload (bit rate or capacity), and robustness. Any technique which tries to improve the payload or robustness should preserve imperceptibility. The noise which is introduced due to bit modification would limit payload. This paper presents a categorization of information hiding techniques and overviews those techniques that intend to improve payload and imperceptibility

Mazdak technique for PSNR estimation in audio steganography

A novel method to estimate PSNR of the resu lt of audio steganography before embedding is presented. Estimated PSNR by proposed linear interpolation formula was tested and the result was almost the same with the obtained PSNR in practical way

PSW statistical LSB image steganalysis

Steganography is the art and science of producing covert communications by concealing secret messages in apparently innocent media, while steganalysis is the art and science of detecting the existence of these. This manuscript proposes a novel blind statistical steganalysis technique to detect Least Significant Bit (LSB) flipping image steganography. It shows that the technique has a number of major advantages. First, a novel method of pixel color correlativity analysis in Pixel Similarity Weight (PSW). Second, filtering out image pixels according to their statistically detected suspiciousness, thereby excluding neutral pixels from the steganalysis process. Third, ranking suspicious pixels according to their statistically detected suspiciousness and determining the influence of such pixels based on the level of detected anomalies. Fourth, the capability to classify and analyze pixels in three pixel classes of flat, smooth and edgy, thereby enhancing the sensitivity of the steganalysis. Fifth, achieving an extremely high efficiency level of 98.049% in detecting 0.25bpp stego images with only a single dimension analysis

A Novel WLAN Client Puzzle against DoS Attack Based on Pattern Matching

Despite the popularity of 802.11 based networks, they suffer several types of DoS attack, launched by an attacker whose aim is to make an access point (AP) unavailable to legitimate users. One of the most common DoS attacks on 802.11 based networks is to deplete the resources of the AP. A serious situation like this can occur when the AP receives a burst of connection requests. This paper addresses this common DoS attack and proposes a lightweight puzzle, based on pattern-matching. Using a pattern-matching technique, this model adequately resists resource-depletion attacks in terms of both puzzle generation and solution verification. Using a sensible series of contextual comparisons, the outcomes were modelled by a simulator, and the security definition and proofs are verified, among other results

A secure audio steganography approach

A wide range of steganography techniques has been described in this paper. Beside the evaluation of embedding parameters for the existing techniques, two problems -weaknesses- of substitution techniques are investigated which if they could be solved, the large capacity - strength- of substitution techniques would be practical. Furthermore, a novel, principled approach to resolve the problems is presented. Using the proposed genetic algorithm, message bits are embedded into multiple, vague and higher LSB layers, resulting in increased robustness

Intrusion detection system for the Internet of Things based on blockchain and multi-agent systems

With the popularity of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, the security of the IoT network has become an important issue. Traditional intrusion detection systems have their limitations when applied to the IoT network due to resource constraints and the complexity. This research focusses on the design, implementation and testing of an intrusion detection system which uses a hybrid placement strategy based on a multi-agent system, blockchain and deep learning algorithms. The system consists of the following modules: data collection, data management, analysis, and response. The National security lab–knowledge discovery and data mining NSL-KDD dataset is used to test the system. The results demonstrate the efficiency of deep learning algorithms when detecting attacks from the transport layer. The experiment indicates that deep learning algorithms are suitable for intrusion detection in IoT network environment

A genetic-algorithm-based approach for audio steganography

In this paper, we present a novel, principled approach to resolve the remained problems of substitution technique of audio steganography. Using the proposed genetic algorithm, message bits are embedded into multiple, vague and higher LSB layers, resulting in increased robustness. The robustness specially would be increased against those intentional attacks which try to reveal the hidden message and also some unintentional attacks like noise addition as well

Anonymity and untraceability assessment of authentication protocols in proxy mobile IPv6

The Proxy Mobile IPv6 or the PMIPv6 is a protocol for mobile management as established by the Internet Engineering Task Force or IETF to assist in the intense usage of mobile devices and to lower the overhead of signaling. As the inclusion of the mobile node in the signaling related to mobility is not necessary, this type of solutions based on networks optimize the performance of the handover based on signaling overhead and handover latency. Nevertheless, the PMIPv6 has several disadvantages such as issues of privacy and security. The process of authentication of users is usually needed at the time of connecting to a wireless network. The mobile users might wander away from their home networks and be approached by other network services. These network services would usually require the users' credentials to authorize the usage of the service. In order to retain a level of anonymity, various degrees of information are required to be safe guarded including the Local Mobility Anchor ID, Media Access Gateway, and Mobile Node. Nevertheless, a few methods of authentication have been suggested to enhance the PMIPv6's performance since 2008 when this protocol was first established [1]; however, the issues of privacy are often ignored. This study attempts to evaluate the authentication methods of the PMIPv6 according to the anonymity of several network mechanisms. The findings of this study reveal that it is important to suggest an appropriate method of enhancing the protection and privacy of network mechanisms